Eldritch Analogies are the association of impersonal social or physical dynamics with the names of deities from mythology or fiction.
The best-known is Moloch, who is associated with coordination problems and competition, from Scott Alexander's Meditations on Moloch, which contrasted Him with Elua, the ally of humanity.
Also notable is Azathoth, the blind idiot god of evolution, from Yudkowsky's An Alien God, which far predates Meditations on Moloch.
See also: Egregores