The strategy-stealing assumption posits that for any strategy an unaligned AI could use to influence the long-term future, there is an analogous strategy that humans could use to capture similar influence. Paul Christiano explores why this assumption might be true, and eleven ways it could potentially fail. 

10Zvi
This post is even-handed and well-reasoned, and explains the issues involved well. The strategy-stealing assumption seems important, as a lot of predictions are inherently relying on it either being essentially true, or effectively false, and I think the assumption will often effectively be a crux in those disagreements, for reasons the post illustrates well. The weird thing is that Paul ends the post saying he thinks the assumption is mostly true, whereas I thought the post was persuasive that the assumption is mostly false. The post illustrates that the unaligned force is likely to have many strategic and tactical advantages over aligned forces, that should allow the unaligned force to, at a minimum, 'punch above its weight' in various ways even under close-to-ideal conditions. And after the events of 2020, and my resulting updates to my model of humans, I'm highly skeptical that we'll get close to ideal. Either way, I'm happy to include this.

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3Tsvi Benson-Tilsen
I don't think that's right, see https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(23)00402-2
2Logan Riggs Smith
You're right! Thanks For Mice, up to 77%  For human cells, up to 9%  (if I'm understanding this part correctly).   So seems like you can do wildly different depending on the setting (mice, humans, bovine, etc), and I don't know what the Retro folks were doing, but does make their result less impressive. 
2Tsvi Benson-Tilsen
(Still impressive and interesting of course, just not literally SOTA.)

Thinking through it more, Sox2-17 (they changed 17 amino acids from Sox2 gene) was your linked paper's result, and Retro's was a modified version of factors Sox AND KLF. Would be cool if these two results are complementary.

26Charlie Steiner
Could someone who thinks capabilities benchmarks are safety work explain the basic idea to me? It's not all that valuable for my personal work to know how good models are at ML tasks. Is it supposed to be valuable to legislators writing regulation? To SWAT teams calculating when to bust down the datacenter door and turn the power off? I'm not clear. But it sure seems valuable to someone building an AI to do ML research, to have a benchmark that will tell you where you can improve. But clearly other people think differently than me.

I think the core argument is "if you want to slow down, or somehow impose restrictions on AI research and deployment, you need some way of defining thresholds. Also, most policymaker's cruxes appear to be that AI will not be a big deal, but if they thought it was going to be a big deal they would totally want to regulate it much more. Therefore, having policy proposals that can use future eval results as a triggering mechanism is politically more feasible, and also, epistemically helpful since it allows people who do think it will be a big deal to establish a track record". 

I find these arguments reasonably compelling, FWIW.

28elifland
Not representative of motivations for all people for all types of evals, but https://www.openphilanthropy.org/rfp-llm-benchmarks/, https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/7qGxm2mgafEbtYHBf/survey-on-the-acceleration-risks-of-our-new-rfps-to-study, https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UwiHYIxgDFnl_ydeuUq0gYOqvzdbNiDpjZ39FEgUAuQ/edit, and some posts in https://www.lesswrong.com/tag/ai-evaluations seem relevant.

Epistemic status: This is an off-the-cuff question.

~5 years ago there was a lot of exciting progress on game playing through reinforcement learning (RL). Now we have basically switched paradigms, pretraining massive LLMs on ~the internet and then apparently doing some really trivial unsophisticated RL on top of that - this is successful and highly popular because interacting with LLMs is pretty awesome (at least if you haven't done it before) and they "feel" a lot more like A.G.I. Probably there's somewhat more commercial use as well via code completion (and some would say many other tasks, personally not really convinced - generative image/video models will certainly be profitable though). There's also a sense in which they are clearly more general - e.g. one RL algorithm may learn...

2Vanessa Kosoy
Relevant link
3Vanessa Kosoy
Apparently someone let LLMs play against the random policy and for most of them, most games end in a draw. Seems like o1-preview is the best of those tested, managing to win 47% of the time.
4gwern
Given the other reports, like OA's own benchmarking (as well as the extremely large dataset of chess games they mention training on), I am skeptical of this claim, and wonder if this has the same issue as other 'random chess game' tests, where the 'random' part is not neutral but screws up the implied persona.

Do you mean that seeing the opponent make dumb moves makes the AI infer that its own moves are also supposed to be dumb, or something else?

Summary

Can LLMs science? The answer to this question can tell us important things about timelines to AGI. In this small pilot experiment, we test frontier LLMs on their ability to perform a minimal version of scientific research, where they must discover a hidden rule about lists of integers by iteratively generating and testing hypotheses. Results are ambiguous: they're mostly pretty bad at it but top systems show apparent signs of life. We're working on a larger, more rigorous experiment, and we really want your input.

Structure

In this post we:

  • Describe an experiment on general reasoning and scientific research ability in LLMs.
  • Describe the main research project for which this is a pilot project.
  • Ask for your predictions on the outcome of the main project and what you believe it will say
...

As a partial point of comparison, in Wason's testing only about 20% of humans solved the problem tested, but Wason's experiment differed in two important ways: first, subjects were deliberately given a misleading example, and second, only one task was tested (our easiest-rated task, 'strictly increasing order').

I encourage you to get some humans to take the same test you gave the models, so that we have a better human baseline. It matters a lot for what the takeaways should be, if LLMs are already comparable or better to humans at this task vs. still significantly worse.

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